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Heglig Crisis
The Heglig Crisis〔(The Heglig Oil Conflict: An Exercise of Sovereignty or an Act of Aggression? ) by Nicasius Achu Check and Thabani Mdlongwa, pp 3. Retrieved May 19, 2014.〕 was a war between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town of Heglig before being pushed back by the Sudanese army. Small-scale clashes continued until an agreement on borders and natural resources was signed on September 26, resolving most aspects of the conflict.
==Background==
South Sudan's independence was preceded by two civil wars, from 1955 to 1972 and from 1983 to 2005, in which 2.5 million people were killed and more than 5 million externally displaced.〔(Sudan and South Sudan in fierce oil border clashes ) – BBC 2012.〕 Relations between the two states have been marked by conflict over the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline and the disputed region of Abyei, even though Sudan was the first state to recognise South Sudan.〔Bogumil Terminski (2012), Oil-Induced Displacement and Resettlement. Social Propblem and Human Rights Issue, Working Paper, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver.〕 In January 2012, South Sudan shut down all of its oil fields in a row over the fees Sudan demanded to transit the oil.〔
In May 2011, it was reported that Sudan had seized control of Abyei, a disputed oil-rich border region, with a force of approximately 5,000 soldiers after three days of clashes with South Sudanese forces.〔 The precipitating factor was an ambush by the South killing 22 northern soldiers. The northern advance included shelling, aerial bombardment and numerous tanks.〔James Copnall, BBC News, 23 May 2011〕 Initial reports indicated that over 20,000 people fled. The interim South Sudanese government declared this as an "act of war," and the United Nations sent an envoy to Khartoum, the Sudanese capital, to intervene. South Sudan says it has withdrawn its forces from Abyei. A deal on militarization was reached on 20 June 2011. The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei, consisting of Ethiopian troops were deployed under a UNSC resolution from 27 June 2011. In early December 2011, Jau, a town in Unity state in South Sudan, was occupied by Sudanese forces.〔 In early March 2012, the Sudanese Air Force bombed parts of Pariang county.〔
Each country accuses the other of supporting rebels on their soil as part of the ongoing internal conflict in Sudan and in South Sudan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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